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The ESM has held in 2011 a first workshop to discuss the criticality of metals and materials at the World Resources Forum. The first workshop was entitled “Less common elements – political risks, technical potentials, economic impact“ and reflected opinions and trends from industrial stakeholders on circular economy with respect to strategic resources including state of the art of recycling critical materials, requirements of the Swiss industry and the needs for „above ground mines“. In 2013, ESM has continued the series of workshops again with speakers from industry and from academia discussing the (potential) use of critical materials for energy applications, starting from resource efficiency and, discussing requirements, criticality of strategic metals, economic systems and substitution potentials.